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36resources
Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

Crotalaria juncea: Use and Agronomic Potential

Esteban A. Pizarro, Eduardo Stern and John Calvert

Tropical Seeds

A 27-page agronomic guide covering Crotalaria biology, establishment, biomass, seed production, rotations, forage applications and nematode research.

Crescent Sunn™LOEICover cropsForage & grazingNitrogen fixationNematode managementSeed production
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Peer-reviewed article2023English

Residue management and genotype effect on sunn hemp organic matter and nitrogen decomposition

Garzon et al.

University of Florida · Agronomy Journal

Compares sunn hemp genotypes and residue placement, including organic-matter disappearance and nitrogen mineralization under Florida conditions.

Crescent Sunn™Soil healthNitrogen fixationResidue management
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Peer-reviewed article2025English

Nitrogen Dynamics in Sunn Hemp Intercropped Tall Fescue Pastures

Naumann, Dubeux, Tooley, Lory and Bretas

University of Missouri · University of Florida · Agronomy

A two-year Missouri grazing study that specifically used the Crescent Sunn cultivar in tall fescue, measuring herbage accumulation, biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogen transfer.

Crescent Sunn™Forage & grazingNitrogen fixationIntercroppingNutrient cycling
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Peer-reviewed article2024English

Crop rotation for management of plant-parasitic nematodes in forage corn production

Tsegay et al.

University of Florida · Mississippi State University · Agronomy Journal

A three-year Florida field study evaluating sunn hemp and grass rotation crops before spring silage corn.

Crescent Sunn™Nematode managementCrop rotationsForage & grazing
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Peer-reviewed article2020English

Establishment techniques affect productivity, nutritive value and atmospheric nitrogen fixation of two sunn hemp cultivars

Jaramillo et al.

University of Florida · Grass and Forage Science

Evaluates planting method and sunn hemp cultivar effects on establishment, herbage accumulation, nutritive value and biological nitrogen fixation.

Crescent Sunn™EstablishmentForage & grazingNitrogen fixation
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Technical guide2017English

Cover Crop Options for Hot and Humid Areas

Preston Sullivan

ATTRA Sustainable Agriculture · NCAT

A practical overview of cover-crop selection, establishment and management for warm, humid production environments.

Crescent Sunn™LablabPigeon PeaCover cropsEstablishmentCrop rotations
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Research poster2025English

Propionic acid effects on nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of sunn hemp silage

Vendramini et al.

Texas A&M AgriLife Research and collaborating universities

Reports a controlled silage study examining how propionic-acid treatment affected dry-matter recovery, nutritive value and fermentation characteristics.

Crescent Sunn™Forage & grazingSilageNutritive value
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Peer-reviewed article2020English and Spanish

Herbage yield and quality of Megathyrsus cultivars in Northeast Thailand

Michael D. Hare

Ubon Forage Seeds · Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales

A three-year field comparison of five Megathyrsus cultivars measuring accumulated dry matter and forage quality in Northeast Thailand.

Mun RiverSiambazaForage & grazingCultivar comparisonNutritive value
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Research report2025English

Interim Technical Report on the Vetch Trial

Melanie Estrella, Marta Benito and Eduardo Vázquez

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

An interim field report evaluating germination, frost resistance, recovery and yield of Hairy Vetch Orium and common vetch in Madrid.

Hairy Vetch OriumCold toleranceEstablishmentForage & grazing
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Technical guide2014English

Sunn Hemp Plant Guide

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

USDA NRCS Plant Materials Program

A species-level guide to sunn hemp adaptation, establishment, cover-crop use, biomass and management; commercial-variety instructions and the current seed label remain controlling.

Crescent Sunn™LOEICover cropsEstablishmentNitrogen fixationForage & grazing
Download from publisher
Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

Lablab purpureus

Tropical Forages editorial team

CSIRO · ILRI · Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT

A peer-reviewed species profile covering adaptation, establishment, forage value, uses, limitations and agronomic management for lablab.

LablabForage & grazingCover cropsEstablishmentCrop rotations
Open publication
Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

Cajanus cajan

Tropical Forages editorial team

CSIRO · ILRI · Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT

A species profile covering pigeon pea adaptation, establishment, forage and grain uses, production potential, limitations and environmental fit.

Pigeon PeaForage & grazingCover cropsNitrogen fixationCrop rotations
Open publication
Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

Supplemental Food Plots: Growing Chufa for Wild Turkeys

Alabama Cooperative Extension System

Auburn University · Alabama A&M University

University Extension guidance on site selection, soil testing, planting, fertility, weed control and tuber management for chufa wildlife plots.

Chufa (Tiger Nut)Wildlife food plotsEstablishmentSoil pHManagement
Open publication
Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

French Serradella

New South Wales Department of Primary Industries

NSW Government

Government pasture guidance on French serradella adaptation, seed form, inoculation, establishment and grazing management in light, acidic soils.

SerradellaPastureEstablishmentAcid soilsForage & grazing
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Peer-reviewed article2021English

IAC 201CO: Crotalaria ochroleuca with high fresh-matter and seed production

Rovaris et al.

Instituto Agronômico de Campinas · Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

A cultivar-release paper documenting the development, cycle and fresh-matter and seed performance of a Crotalaria ochroleuca selection under Brazilian trials.

Red Sunn HempGreen manureBiomassPlant breedingSeed production
Open publication
Peer-reviewed article2023English

Biomass, nutrient accumulation and weed suppression by cover-crop mixtures

Silva et al.

Embrapa Rice & Beans

A Cerrado field study comparing cover-crop mixtures that included Crotalaria breviflora and C. ochroleuca; findings apply to the tested mixtures and conditions, not as universal product guarantees.

Crotalaria BrevifloraRed Sunn HempCover cropsBiomassNutrient cyclingWeed suppression
Open publication
Technical guide2015English

Hairy Vetch Plant Guide

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

USDA NRCS Plant Materials Program

Species-level guidance on hairy vetch adaptation, establishment, nitrogen contribution, forage use and management; Orium and Crescenza product specifications remain distinct.

Hairy Vetch OriumHairy Vetch CrescenzaCover cropsNitrogen fixationEstablishmentForage & grazing
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Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

Sesbania sesban

Tropical Forages editorial team

CSIRO · ILRI · Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT

A species reference for Sesbania sesban covering adaptation, uses and limitations. It is provided for context until the commercial Sesbania species and seed-lot identity are confirmed.

SesbaniaForage & grazingNitrogen fixationWet soilsSpecies identification
Open publication
Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

Arachis pintoi

Tropical Forages editorial team

CSIRO · ILRI · Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT

A species profile covering adaptation, establishment, grazing, forage quality, persistence and limitations of forage peanut.

Arachis PintoiPastureGroundcoverShadeForage & grazing
Open publication
Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

Stylosanthes guianensis var. guianensis

Tropical Forages editorial team

CSIRO · ILRI · Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT

A species profile on stylo adaptation, soil fit, establishment, production, nutritive value, grazing use and limitations.

Ubon StyloPastureAcid soilsEstablishmentForage & grazing
Open publication
Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

Megathyrsus maximus

Tropical Forages editorial team

CSIRO · ILRI · Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT

A species and cultivar reference covering adaptation, establishment, production, feed value and management for Megathyrsus maximus, including Mombasa and Mun River.

SiambazaMun RiverPastureCultivar comparisonForage & grazingEstablishment
Open publication
Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

Mulato II: A High-Quality Forage Grass Hybrid

Vendramini et al.

University of Florida IFAS Extension

University Extension guidance on Mulato II adaptation, establishment, forage production, nutritive value and grazing management in Florida conditions.

Mulato IIPastureEstablishmentForage & grazingNutritive value
Open publication
Research report2024English

Improved forages and climate-smart agriculture among smallholder farmers in Kenya

Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT

Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT

Field-based adoption and performance context for improved Urochloa hybrids, including Camello, Cayman, Cobra and Mulato II, in smallholder livestock systems.

Camello BlendCayman BlendCobraMulato IIClimate adaptationForage & grazingFarm adoptionLivestock
Open publication
Technical guide2025English

Papalotla forage hybrids: technical specifications

Grupo Papalotla Research & Development

Grupo Papalotla

Current breeder and manufacturer specifications for the named commercial hybrids; use the applicable market label and current seed form when setting rates.

Camello BlendCayman BlendCobraMestizo BlendPastureEstablishmentProduct specificationsForage & grazing
Download from publisher
Research report2025English

Papalotla Hybrid Performance: Technical Results Dossier

Grupo Papalotla technical team

Grupo Papalotla

Supplier technical results from Brazil and Mexico covering Camello forage quality, Mestizo rooting and residue nutrients, Cayman quality against Myiagi and Cobra performance against forage sorghum. Results are site-specific rather than performance guarantees.

Camello BlendCayman BlendCobraMestizo BlendCultivar performanceForage & grazingNutritive valueSoil healthField trials
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Research reportUndated manuscriptEnglish

Impact of the Brachiaria hybrids on both soil health and carbon stock on livestock production

Silva et al.

Grupo Papalotla · CIAT · ConnectBio · Brazilian university collaborators

A 2018 randomized trial of six Brachiaria hybrid genotypes measuring soil carbon to 90 cm and four soil-enzyme indicators. The manuscript explicitly maps Camello to GP3025 and Cayman to GP0423.

Camello BlendCayman BlendSoil healthCarbon stockSoil biologyClimate mitigation
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Peer-reviewed article2021English

Harvest interval effects on Cayman forage accumulation and nutritive value

Maia et al.

University of Florida and collaborators · Crop Science

A peer-reviewed study evaluating harvest interval effects on herbage accumulation and nutritive value of Cayman under the tested conditions.

Cayman BlendForage & grazingHarvest managementNutritive valueCultivar performance
Open publication
Technical guideCurrent editionEnglish

Urochloa ruziziensis

Tropical Forages editorial team

CSIRO · ILRI · Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT

A species profile covering adaptation, establishment, biomass, forage value, uses and limitations of Urochloa ruziziensis.

RuziziensisCover cropsPastureEstablishmentForage & grazing
Open publication
Peer-reviewed article2023English

Response of plants used in cover crop mixes to Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. incognita and Pratylenchus brachyurus

Lopes et al.

São Paulo State University (UNESP) · Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

A replicated greenhouse study found Brachiaria ruziziensis resistant to M. enterolobii and M. incognita, but susceptible to P. brachyurus, reinforcing the need for species-specific rotation decisions.

RuziziensisNematode managementCover cropsCrop rotationHost status
Open publication
Peer-reviewed article2025English

Host status of selected summer forage grasses to Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita

de Souza et al.

Embrapa Temperate Agriculture · Tropical Plant Pathology

Two greenhouse trials rated BRS Integra ruzigrass resistant to M. javanica and M. incognita. The result is cultivar-specific and should not be generalized to every seed source.

RuziziensisNematode managementCover cropsCrop rotationHost status
Open publication
Peer-reviewed article2015English

Crop rotation and crop sequences for management of the reniform nematode in soybean production

Leandro and Asmus

Embrapa Western Agriculture · Ciência Rural

In a naturally infested soybean field, off-season Brachiaria ruziziensis did not reduce Rotylenchulus reniformis compared with fallow, documenting an important limit to broad nematode claims.

RuziziensisNematode managementCover cropsCrop rotationHost status
Open publication
Conference research paper2009Portuguese

Desenvolvimento do sistema radicular de forrageiras e da soja em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária no arenito paranaense

Franchini, Torres and Sichieri

Embrapa Soybean

A Paraná field study reported strong root and dry-matter responses in the Panicum maximum–Ruziziensis treatment. Soybean following Ruziziensis alone developed more roots and yielded 11% above the treatment average under the tested conditions.

RuziziensisCrop-livestock integrationRoot systemsSoybeanCrop rotation
Open publication
Peer-reviewed article2024English

Subsurface Soil Compaction and its Effect on the Morphophysiological Characteristics of Maize Plants, Urochloa ruziziensis and Panicum maximum

Policarpo et al.

University of Rio Verde · Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

In a greenhouse study, maize intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis showed less damage from subsurface compaction than the other tested maize systems. Ruziziensis root dry mass was not reduced at 30–50 cm, although compaction reduced its root length and other plant measurements.

RuziziensisSoil structureRoot systemsCover cropsCrop-livestock integration
Open publication
Peer-reviewed article2017English

Sward structure and nutritive value of Urochloa ruziziensis under nitrogen and potassium fertilisation

Lima et al.

Revista Caatinga

A randomized block experiment across multiple seasons found that forage accumulation and nutritive value changed with nitrogen, potassium and season. The results support using management ranges rather than fixed performance guarantees.

RuziziensisForage qualityFertilizationCrude proteinDigestibility
Open publication
Peer-reviewed article2014Portuguese

Phytosociology of weeds in coexistence with cover crops

Lima et al.

Federal University of Goiás · Revista Caatinga

In a randomized field experiment evaluated from 45 to 180 days after sowing, Urochloa ruziziensis produced the greatest biomass and soil cover and achieved the strongest late-season weed suppression under the study conditions.

RuziziensisWeed suppressionCover cropsBiomassNo-till
Open publication
Peer-reviewed article2020English

Implication of Urochloa spp. Intercropping and Conservation Agriculture on Soil Microbiological Quality and Yield of Tahiti Acid Lime in Long Term Orchard Experiment

Arantes et al.

Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) · Agriculture

A long-term Tahiti acid lime experiment compared Urochloa species and vegetation-management methods. Ecological mowing with U. ruziziensis improved soil microbiological indicators and increased yield by about 20% in that specific system; it is not presented here as a general recommendation for other perennial-crop settings.

RuziziensisOrchard systemsSoil biologyEcological mowingCrop rotation
Open publication
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